{"id":54228,"date":"2019-01-10T21:56:51","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T21:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sardinasystems.com\/sem-categoria\/como-gerir-melhor-os-recursos-em-nuvens-openstack-e-kubernetes-com-o-sardina-fishos\/"},"modified":"2025-05-14T16:37:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T16:37:41","slug":"how-to-better-manage-resources-in-openstack-and-kubernetes-clouds-with-sardina-fishos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sardinasystems.com\/pt-pt\/o-nosso-blog\/how-to-better-manage-resources-in-openstack-and-kubernetes-clouds-with-sardina-fishos\/","title":{"rendered":"Como gerir melhor os recursos em nuvens OpenStack e Kubernetes com o Sardina FishOS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uma forma optimizada para o sistema de Gest\u00e3o de Recursos em ambiente <a href=\"http:\/\/openstack.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"\">OpenStack<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" title=\"\">Kubernetes<\/a> <\/h4>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O sistema avan\u00e7ado de gest\u00e3o de recursos integrado no <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sardinasystems.com\/fishos\">FishOS<\/a> fornece uma gest\u00e3o inteligente e eficiente de recursos no OpenStack e Kubernetes.\nIsso \u00e9 alcan\u00e7ado com uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de dois mecanismos de decis\u00e3o &#8211; <strong>FishOS Placement Engine<\/strong> e <strong>Rebalancing Engine<\/strong>, que trabalham em conjunto para garantir opera\u00e7\u00f5es de data center altamente eficientes. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><wp-block data-block=\"core\/more\"><\/wp-block><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O FishOS Placement Engine e o Rebalancing Engine s\u00e3o <strong>dois mecanismos de decis\u00e3o<\/strong> que trabalham em conjunto para garantir opera\u00e7\u00f5es de data center altamente eficientes.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Situa\u00e7\u00e3o  <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para conseguir uma elevada efici\u00eancia na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos recursos, h\u00e1 duas situa\u00e7\u00f5es que t\u00eam de ser resolvidas:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dado um conjunto espec\u00edfico de novas VMs a serem iniciadas, onde devem ser colocadas as VMs, considerando a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos em tempo real em toda a instala\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dado um conjunto de VMs em execu\u00e7\u00e3o nas instala\u00e7\u00f5es, como \u00e9 que as VMs podem ser agrupadas no n\u00famero ideal de servidores, satisfazendo os requisitos de recursos das VMs, sem impacto no desempenho?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A primeira \u00e9 designada por <strong>Coloca\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>, enquanto a segunda \u00e9 designada por <strong>Reequil\u00edbrio<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Embora a coloca\u00e7\u00e3o e o reequil\u00edbrio estejam relacionados, t\u00eam de ser tratados como tarefas computacionais diferentes e, por conseguinte, como decis\u00f5es diferentes.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como ser\u00e1 evidente abaixo, o sistema de gest\u00e3o inteligente de recursos no FishOS depende da disponibilidade de migra\u00e7\u00e3o em tempo real.\nPara o Kubernetes, este esquema depende do facto de o Kubernetes correr dentro de VMs. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vis\u00e3o de alto n\u00edvel  <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A um n\u00edvel elevado, o sistema analisa:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>todos os hipervisores do sistema, determinando a sua capacidade e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>todas as VMs em execu\u00e7\u00e3o, determinando a carga que criam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre capacidade vs. carga s\u00e3o obtidas a partir de m\u00e9tricas recolhidas de hipervisores e VMs.\nEstas m\u00e9tricas reflectem recursos como a mem\u00f3ria, o disco, a rede e a CPU. <\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>O impacto<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usando esta abordagem, minimizar\u00edamos o n\u00famero de hipervisores usados para hospedar VMs sem colocar uma restri\u00e7\u00e3o adicional sobre como essas VMs funcionam.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permite utilizar um n\u00famero mais reduzido de servidores para alojar a mesma quantidade de VMs, para obter menos OpEx e CapEx, reduzindo os custos de licen\u00e7a e eletricidade.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>FishOS Placement Engine<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O objetivo do motor de coloca\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 determinar onde deve(m) ser iniciada(s) a(s) VM(s) quando solicitada(s) por um consumidor de servi\u00e7os.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para onde v\u00e3o as novas VMs?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A resposta \u00e0 quest\u00e3o de onde devem ser colocadas as novas VMs \u00e9 obtida da seguinte forma:<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se todos os hipervisores do sistema estiverem livres, as VMs v\u00e3o primeiro para o hipervisor com a menor capacidade para hosped\u00e1-las.\nDessa forma, n\u00e3o precisar\u00edamos usar servidores maiores apenas para hospedar um conjunto de VMs pequenas. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se houver hipervisores no sistema que est\u00e3o em uso (ou seja: com algumas VMs neles), novas VMs ser\u00e3o preferencialmente colocadas l\u00e1 (desde que haja uma capacidade nesses hipervisores para hospedar VMs).\nIsso \u00e9 feito para minimizar o n\u00famero de hipervisores que precisariam ser ativados para hospedar as VMs. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Placement Engine faz estimativas com base na variante selecionada para a VM, o que ajuda a verificar se uma determinada VM cabe num determinado hipervisor.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Motor de Reequil\u00edbrio FishOS<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O objetivo do motor de reequil\u00edbrio \u00e9 determinar como \u00e9 que uma infraestrutura j\u00e1 em funcionamento pode ser reequilibrada para ser mais eficiente.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A infraestrutura precisa de ser optimizada?\nAntes de proceder \u00e0 execu\u00e7\u00e3o de quaisquer tarefas de reequil\u00edbrio, a primeira quest\u00e3o que se coloca \u00e9 se a infraestrutura precisa de ser optimizada. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para cada VM h\u00e1 uma s\u00e9rie de perguntas a responder, incluindo:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio transferi-lo para outro hipervisor?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pode ser movido?\nExistem opera\u00e7\u00f5es, como processos de escrita em disco excessivos ou atividade de rede, que possam impedir a conclus\u00e3o da migra\u00e7\u00e3o em direto? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como otimizar a infraestrutura?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma vez determinado que a infraestrutura em execu\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 abaixo do ideal, a pr\u00f3xima quest\u00e3o \u00e9 como a infraestrutura pode ser optimizada.\nAssociado a isso, o Rebalancing Engine tamb\u00e9m lida com quest\u00f5es como: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Qual \u00e9 a combina\u00e7\u00e3o ideal de movimentos de VMs?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se uma VM pode e precisa ser movida, para onde a movemos?\n(Consulte a se\u00e7\u00e3o Mecanismo de posicionamento). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qual \u00e9 o impacto na sequ\u00eancia da opera\u00e7\u00e3o de reequil\u00edbrio?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assim que o plano de reequil\u00edbrio tiver sido calculado, o motor de reequil\u00edbrio emite os pedidos para efetuar essas migra\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Coloca\u00e7\u00e3o e reequil\u00edbrio<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O FishOS Placement Engine e o Rebalancing Engine usam m\u00e9tricas de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o em tempo real de toda a instala\u00e7\u00e3o, para resolver o problema de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos em tempo real.\nA abordagem n\u00e3o s\u00f3 usar\u00e1 os valores de reserva que s\u00e3o especificados pelo flavor para determinar se uma determinada VM caber\u00e1 num determinado hipervisor, mas tamb\u00e9m usar\u00e1 dados importantes de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o real, obtidos atrav\u00e9s da recolha de m\u00e9tricas de VMs e hipervisores. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Placement Engine garante que os servidores certos capazes de hospedar a(s) VM(s) sejam usados, minimizando o n\u00famero de servidores necess\u00e1rios para hospedar a totalidade das cargas de trabalho da VM.\nO Placement Engine trata os sabores, conforme definido no OpenStack, como limites superiores dos recursos que podem ser atribu\u00eddos \u00e0s VMs, indicando a quantidade m\u00e1xima a ser consumida por cada VM, controlando os recursos certos. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sardinasystems.com\/fishos\">O FishOS<\/a> garante que, se um host que j\u00e1 est\u00e1 sendo usado \u00e9, com base na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o real de recursos, ainda capaz de hospedar VMs adicionais, ser\u00e1 dada prefer\u00eancia para executar novas VMs adicionais nesse host.\nO FishOS permite que um Operador controle facilmente o n\u00famero de hipervisores que ser\u00e3o usados em qualquer momento, melhorando as taxas de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos do OpenStack. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O mecanismo de rebalanceamento garante que uma infraestrutura j\u00e1 em execu\u00e7\u00e3o seja operada de maneira eficiente, permitindo que os operadores otimizem o uso dos recursos da instala\u00e7\u00e3o considerando a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos ao vivo das cargas de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por defeito, o Motor de Rebalanceamento FishOS corre automaticamente no sistema, permitindo ao Operador configurar a frequ\u00eancia de rebalanceamento.\nUma vez calculado um Plano de Rebalanceamento, o Motor de Rebalanceamento emite os pedidos para efetuar essas migra\u00e7\u00f5es, sem necessitar da interven\u00e7\u00e3o de um Operador, e \u00e9 capaz de fornecer tamb\u00e9m funcionalidades como: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>migra\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica de VMs dos hipervisores desactivados<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reequilibra a carga atrav\u00e9s da migra\u00e7\u00e3o em direto de VMs n\u00e3o ancoradas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>registo dos resultados para compreender o estado da infraestrutura<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interface CLI com op\u00e7\u00e3o de funcionamento em seco para ajudar o operador a compreender o impacto<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>os hipervisores desactivados s\u00e3o migrados em direto \u00e0 for\u00e7a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Componentes de apoio<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para que os motores de coloca\u00e7\u00e3o e de reequil\u00edbrio possam tomar decis\u00f5es, cada um dos motores de coloca\u00e7\u00e3o e de reequil\u00edbrio necessita de dados.\nOs dados necess\u00e1rios s\u00e3o recolhidos por um conjunto de colectores de dados de estado implementados como plugins do collected. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Sardina optou por implementar os colectores de dados do estado como plugins do collected porque o collected tem v\u00e1rias vantagens, desde ser comum em ambientes Linux, ser de c\u00f3digo aberto, ser facilmente extens\u00edvel e ter um baixo custo de integra\u00e7\u00e3o, permitindo assim que os administradores de sistemas Linux o estendam e expandam facilmente.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os dados de estado recolhidos s\u00e3o enviados por um plugin de recolha e acabam numa base de dados de s\u00e9ries temporais escal\u00e1vel horizontalmente, concebida para lidar com um grande n\u00famero de pequenas escritas e um pequeno n\u00famero de grandes leituras.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os dados da base de dados de s\u00e9ries cronol\u00f3gicas s\u00e3o depois consumidos pelos motores de coloca\u00e7\u00e3o e de reequil\u00edbrio.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ativado por defeito<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tanto o Placement Engine quanto o Rebalancing Engine s\u00e3o habilitados por padr\u00e3o nos sistemas FishOS, com o Rebalancing Engine configurado para rodar periodicamente.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00f3digo aberto<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como a Sardina quer apoiar o OpenStack e o seu modelo de c\u00f3digo aberto, estamos agora a oferecer acesso gratuito ao FishOS Deployer por um per\u00edodo de tempo limitado.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Visita o nosso site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sardinasystems.com\/\">www.sardinasystems.com<\/a> para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es ou contacta-nos atrav\u00e9s do endere\u00e7o <a href=\"mailto:info@sardinasystems.com\">info@sardinasystems.com.<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obrigado!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uma forma optimizada para o sistema de Gest\u00e3o de Recursos em ambiente OpenStack e Kubernetes O sistema avan\u00e7ado de gest\u00e3o de recursos integrado no FishOS fornece uma gest\u00e3o inteligente e eficiente de recursos no OpenStack e Kubernetes. Isso \u00e9 alcan\u00e7ado com uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o de dois mecanismos de decis\u00e3o &#8211; FishOS Placement Engine e Rebalancing Engine, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":54230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1257],"tags":[2408,1258,1610,1611,1708,2036,2058,2131,2150,2164,2165,2188,2189,2215],"class_list":["post-54228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-o-nosso-blog","tag-inovador","tag-peixes","tag-nuvem-privada","tag-contentores","tag-tecnologia-pt-pt","tag-automatizacao","tag-virtualizacao","tag-servidores-pt-pt","tag-sardinasystems-pt-pt-2","tag-atualizacao","tag-tempo-de-inatividade-zero","tag-ha-pt-pt","tag-alta-disponibilidade","tag-implantacao","grve-entry-item","grve-blog-item"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"FishOS by Sardina ajuda-te a gerir melhor os recursos em nuvens OpenStack e Kubernetes. 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